{"product_id":"resident-darmbioom","title":"Resident gut biome","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"content_text\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe human colon contains 10¹¹ bacteria per gram, making it home to the largest bacterial population in the body. Most of these are anaerobic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe intestinal microbiota consists of a resident and a transient intestinal microbiota. These consist of aerobic, anaerobic, and micro-aerophilic intestinal bacteria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe resident intestinal microbiota consists of intestinal bacteria that are absolutely necessary for the physiological processes in the intestines. Its exact composition develops in the first years of life and is as personal as a fingerprint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe resident intestinal microbiota consists of the following bacteria:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnaerobic bacteria: \u003cem\u003eBacteroides species, Bifidobacterium species\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAerobic bacteria: \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e, Enterococcus species\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicro-aerophilic bacteria: \u003cem\u003eLactobacillus species\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResident anaerobic bacteria\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the anaerobic bacteria, 25% consist of Bacteroides species. These have a beneficial effect on their host in the intestine. Numerically, they form the largest group of bacteria and are therefore an important part of colonization resistance. This means that pathogens do not get a chance to attach to the intestinal wall, because it is protected by resident bacteria, including Bacteroides species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, indigestible carbohydrates are converted by them into short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen. This makes this group of bacteria important in supporting Bifidobacteria. A good Bifidus intestinal microbiota is particularly dependent on a good Bacteroides intestinal microbiota. To support both groups of bacteria, there are no probiotics, but there are prebiotics, such as inulin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutside the intestine, however, Bacteroides species are important clinical pathogens. They are found in most anaerobic infections, with or without abscess formation. The Bacteroides species contain the most antibiotic-resistant mechanisms of all anaerobic bacteria. They can adapt very well to new circumstances:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThey can adapt to the available nutrition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThey have multiple pumping systems to pump away substances toxic to them\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThey can influence the host's immune system so that it tackles other competing pathogens.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome antibiotics to which Bacteroides are resistant include cefotaxime, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin). Bifidobacterium species, like Bacteroides species, form a large part of the resident intestinal microbiota. They convert carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, succinate, and ethanol. This achieves a lower acidity of the intestinal environment, which counteracts putrefaction processes. Through the production of short-chain fatty acids, they work synergistically with Lactobacilli and Enterococci. Furthermore, they can split bile acids and inhibit the multiplication of transient bacteria. However, the amount of Bifidobacterium species decreases after the age of 50, which can lead to putrefaction processes and the intestinal microbiota becoming more susceptible to dysbiosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResident aerobic bacteria\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c\/em\u003e contributes to colonization resistance by producing antimicrobial substances. Furthermore, this bacterium stimulates the immune system of the intestines and contributes to the stabilization of the intestinal barrier. Therapeutically, this bacterium is used to improve mucosal immunity (sIgA, beta-defensin 2). It also removes oxygen from the food bolus and from the intestinal wall to ensure a stable anaerobic environment in the intestine, allowing for a balanced anaerobic intestinal microbiota with \u003cem\u003eBifidobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eBacteroides species\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEnterococcus species\u003c\/em\u003e can convert carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids that acidify the intestinal environment and inhibit the growth of transient bacteria. To support colonization resistance, they produce important bacteriostatic and bactericidal substances. They can also convert proteins. They are used therapeutically to improve mucosal immunity. They also remove oxygen from the food bolus and from the intestinal wall to maintain an anaerobic intestinal environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResident micro-aerophilic bacteria\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content_text\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLactobacillus\u003c\/em\u003e species grow under oxygen-poor conditions. They are saccharolytic bacteria; they only convert carbohydrates. Their metabolic products prevent the growth of foreign germs such as \u003cem\u003eClostridium\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eProteus species\u003c\/em\u003e. This type of proteolytic intestinal microbiota (protein-loving species) is inhibited by the acidification of the intestinal environment and the production of bacteriocin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe transient intestinal microbiota consists of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnaerobic bacteria: \u003cem\u003eClostridium species\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAerobic bacteria: \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas species\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c\/em\u003e group 1 (including \u003cem\u003eProteus species\u003c\/em\u003e) and group 2 (including \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella species\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter species\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObligate pathogenic bacteria: \u003cem\u003eSalmonella species\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eShigella species\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eYersinia species\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn important part of mapping the aerobic transient intestinal microbiota is the investigation of \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteria\u003c\/em\u003e. Here, the qualitative determination of the various species of \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c\/em\u003e is central. Within the \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteriaceae species\u003c\/em\u003e, there are a number of species that have various pathogenic properties. Some obligate pathogenic species from this family are \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eShigella\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eYersinia\u003c\/em\u003e species. Urease-producing species like \u003cem\u003eProteus species\u003c\/em\u003e can increase serum ammonium concentrations in patients with impaired liver function. Various species of \u003cem\u003eEnterobacteriaceae\u003c\/em\u003e are involved in rheumatoid reactions, including \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella species\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"RPSH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52772679254362,"sku":null,"price":125.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/store.bloedcheckup.nl\/products\/resident-darmbioom","provider":"BloedCheckup","version":"1.0","type":"link"}